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The Ah-Ha Phenomenon
“The Aha! effect refers to the common human experience of suddenly understanding a previously incomprehensible problem or concept. The Aha! effect is also known as the eureka effect…”*

The PHI Phenomenon
“The phi phenomenon is an optical illusion defined by Max Wertheimer in the Gestalt psychology in 1912, in which the persistence of vision formed a part of the base of the theory of the cinema, applied by Hugo Münsterberg in 1916. This optical illusion is based in the principle that the human eye is capable of perceiving movement from pieces of information, for example, a succession of images. In other words, from a slideshow of a group of frozen images at a certain speed of images per second, we are going to observe constant movement.”*

*from Wikipedia

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Research Methods
Experiment = Explain (the cause and effect)
Correlational = Predictive
Descriptive/Observational = Describe

• Case study
• Survey
• Naturalistic observation

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More On Correlation
Sir Francis Galton, a functionalist, provided the number for the co-effecient of correlation. This number expresses the degree of relation between two variables/two sets of information. This is known as the correlational scale.
If both numbers (sets) on the scale go up, then the correlational relationship is Positive/Direct.
If one number (set) on the scale goes up, and the other number (set) on the scale goes down, then the correlational relationship is Inverse/Indirect.

Galton Correlation
0.0 ± 1.0
0.1 – 0.3 = Same
0.4 – 0.6 = Significant
0.7 > 1.0 = Strong

In the early to mid 1960′s Temple conducted a study to compare SAT to GPA

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For Next Class
Critical Thinking & Writing handout (attached to revised Syllabus)
This can go into your journal

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Keeping in mind that this will place my site into a slightly more visible status (actual visitors), I’m also fixing up the About and Usage Pages tonight.

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-Freud: Most of his patients were women. 99% of those were diagnosed with…. *cough* “HYSTERIA”.
-William James was a functionalist who published the first psychology textbook in 1890 titled, “Principles of Psychology”.
-Behaviourism is the most important school of psychology, because behaviour is all about learning.
-The term “behaviourism” was first coined by John B. Watson.

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S Stimulus
O Organism > Experimental
R Response

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-Behaviourism’s Most Significant Contribution: Behaviourists adapted the very same study methods used on biology, chemistry, etc (the experiment) for psychology.
-The school of Gestalt came about at the same time as behaviourism.
-Gestalt: “The field of perception”.
-In “the field of perception”, the whole field of perception is more than the sum of its parts.

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Test has moved to Tue, Feb 7th, 2012

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High Fear and Anxiety
FEAR > Independent Variable (Cause)
Low Fear and Anxiety

Wait Alone
AFFILIATION > Dependent Variable (Effect)
Wait Together

-Social Psychology is based on how people like to be together. If isolation breeds anxiety or fear, the fear will cause people to want to be together.
-”Misery Loves Miserable Company”

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Experiment
-Theory
-Hypothesis
-Random Assignment to Conditions, Groups
Experimental Group (aka Cause, Independent Variable)
Control Group (aka Effect, Dependent Variable)
-Replication

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TEST
Thursday, Feb 2, 2012
Modules One and Two

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Assignment
-Read & study modules 1 & 2, and answer rehearsal & sg ?s
-Expand upon the “Fact or Falsehood?” handout

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The difference between psychologist & psychiatrist
Freud was a physician, a surgeon in his early career, jack of all “psycho-trades”
Everything psychological is biological
Physiologist – a biologist specializing in physiology, the biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.
Expand upon the definitions of psychology & how each definition relates to its time period
Introspection- an examination of one’s own thoughts and feelings
Behaviourism – Watson, Skinner (psychology def-science of overt or observable behaviour)

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Next Class
Class will be broken into pairs for an experiment focused around “Fact or Falsehood” handout, ? #4.

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Biology vs. Experience, Heredity vs. Environment
-Myers focuses his book on Nurture, rather than Nature
-What percentage would I choose for each? Ansr: 50-50
-Will there ever be any resolution to this issue? Speculate & expand

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“Fact or Falsehood”
#5 – Expand on the topic of intuition, more than instinct, it’s the undefined spark. Examples of being helped by intuition. Intuition vs. Instinct
#6 – Is over-compensation
#7 – The sample area seems to be too limited personally; any truth to “randomly selected”? Opinions & the statistics used to determine sampling range
#8 Correlational Studies? Negative, Inverse / Positive, Direct. Text author believes in the law of parsimony. The parsimony of correlation = relationship. Correlation does not show causation (expand)
#9 The purpose of experimentation in general, everyday life is too complex to successfully recreate. An experiment focuses on 2 variables, independent and dependent. Manipulate the independent variable and see how it affects the dependent variable.

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The more readily you acquire knowledge, the longer you will retain it.

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Experiment (?)
1 = t
2 = u
3 = m
4 = r
5 =
6 =
7 = J
8 = K
9 = o
0 = v

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Study Guide
-Don’t bring sg to class, work is to be completed autonomously.
-Extra Credit can be earned for sg work by scheduling an office appt. & bringing work in.

Journal
-After every class, think of the most interesting &/or important topic(s) of the day & write 1 paragraph or more on each topic. More is better, & tables, graphs, bibliographies are encouraged.
-Includes ?s from classwork, writing assignments, text, study guide, dvd ?s, & handouts
-Final Format
01. Title Page
02. Table of Contents
03. Date, Topic, Entry
04. Appendix (will be dvd ?s specifically)
*needs to be typed & double-spaced

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Other Notes
-When reading, include the rehearsal ?s in the text, & the associated study guide ?s
-Pay particular attention to pg.8, “Perspectives of Psychology”.
-SQ3R (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review)

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